拍品描述： Lot 965 CH39ING:LOT of 54 34red cash34 40hong qian41 of Guang Xu， 1875-1908 including many varieties， types and denominations。 A very interesting study group with some better than average examples of some types， retail value of 36300， lot of 54 coins， ex Nicholas Rhodes Collection。 The Qing 40Manchu41 dynasty began casting coins in the far-Western region of Xinjiang 40Chinese for 34The New Frontier，34 sometimes transliterated as 34Sinkiang3441 in 1760， only one year after the emperor Qian Long39s generals conquered the region39s capitals of Kashgar and Yarkand。 Not only did this primarily Muslim and Turkic-speaking region represent a distinct cultural landscape for the empire， but also a special economic environment。 The many differences between the coinages of Xinjiang and the rest of China reflected the special demands of governing this area。 The coins cast in Xinjiang were made from copper， rather than the brass used for the rest of the imperial coinage， leading to the nickname 34red cash。34 These copper coins were initially valued at five of the standard cash， and provided some continuity with the monetary system used under the region39s previous rulers， the Dzungar Mongols。 Most of the red cash also displayed mint names in the local Turkic language as well as Chinese and occasionally additionally in Manchu。 Lying far from the empire39s center， Xinjiang was somewhat loosely governed by the court， and this is reflected in the great variety of coin types produced， some of them quite innovative。 In spite of frequent rebellions and invasions， the coinage of red cash continued on and off through the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the twentieth。